Stop continuous ping command 81: bytes=32 time=3889ms TTL=238 Reply from 10. 100 to ping the default internal interface of the FortiGate with four packets. Press Ctrl + C to stop the test when needed. From the DP, you can use the following command to use an interface that owns ip y. Stopping the Ping Command. When you add the -t switch to the Ping command, Ping will reply continuously. Default gateway is default at 192. com 6. Other options include:-t to send packets until you press Ctrl+C-a to resolve addresses to domain names where possible-n X to send X ping packets and stop; C:\>ping 10. Continuous Ping: This type of ping Ctrl-C works for most terminal commands, not just ping. 1 but you can change that to whatever your IP address is for your DG. Use the command "ping 192. Here are 5 ways that give you the time and date for every ping. Ping -t – Continuous Ping CMD. Please provide the command to break it. Normally to halt it I would do Cntl+C to stop it, locally. 1 Oct 2, 2022 · Use Ctrl + C or Ctrl + | or Ctrl + Shift + C to stop or terminate PING command in Linux and Windows. x Aug 17, 2023 · Dear All please how can I stop continuse ping from ACI console I try ctrl+c but still pinging and try ctrl+shift+6 still pinging Search for jobs related to Stop continuous ping command prompt or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 23m+ jobs. I ran the following command: ping 8. The -a flag will will play an audible Feb 17, 2021 · In MacOS, the ping command line program is also run as a continuous ping in the default setting. Without this, the ping command will start sending the ICMP packets in its own loop until it receives a SIGINT. command to test the connection between the local server/computer and a remote UNIX and Linux server. 168. Search for jobs related to Stop continuous ping command prompt or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 23m+ jobs. In the Command Prompt, type the Jan 25, 2020 · Then I used windows command prompt to run a continuous ping (ping -t). 1 5. 8. This basic command sends continuous ping requests to Google’s server until manually stopped. Ping with an Audible Beep. When I ping the IP address doesn't look right. Using the ‘Deadline’ Option. 211. Ping is a command in Linux that is used to test the reachability of a host or a network device. It is a simple command that sends an ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo request to a host and checks if it responds. Mar 15, 2019 · Slightly different approach towards a continuous ping is to use -c option and enter the number of time you want it to run, that way it will stop itself after the desired count i. Why not use the int32 MaxValue field to provide a high value so that the ping is running Search for jobs related to Stop continuous ping command prompt or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 24m+ jobs. With newer versions of the ping command and computers running on IPv6, you may get an IP address that looks like [fe80::51c1:5214:a18e:8dec%12] instead of [192. NetworkInformation. I just tried and you can at least set 1 000 000 000 as count with -c, would that not be an equalient of the missing -t? ping localhost ping 127. Ping -t 192. net ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 Sep 17, 2020 · You can take the System. For example, imagine I'm remotely connected to a Windows server from my Jan 21, 2025 · Introduction. 8". However, sending a SIGINT signal to the process also stopped pinging. Nov 3, 2024 · The ping command in Linux sends messages continuously. Here is a sample command… Ping -t 216. Enter ping 10. "You can use an extended ping to observe when there is a network issue. Step 2: Enter the Ping Command. Continuous Ping in Windows. I am not able to break the Ping request up to 30 Hops. 2. Its getting request time out from 1st hop. Step 2: Run the ping command with the address of the target Oct 21, 2024 · The simplest way to stop a ping command in Linux is to press Ctrl+C while the command is running. While running the Continuous Ping Command, press Ctrl + Pause to view statistics. Therefore it will be like this: ping yahoo. 00 ms 64 bytes from skinner. Step 2: Enter the command line ping with the -t option and any address and confirm by clicking [Enter]. Mar 18, 2024 · The exclamation symbol negates the exit code of the ping command. The -t can be placed before or after the IP address. Aug 27, 2009 · Not following your question. ca would set the ping count to 10, so it would only do 10 pings and then stop. In Linux, continuous ping is the default. You'll see a Jun 6, 2013 · You cannot do a continuous ping from a Cisco router, firewall or switch. – Jun 14, 2016 · At the moment I am stuck on a lab 7. That’s it for now, hope this helps! Item. The ping command is useful for: Determining the status of the network and various foreign hosts. 13 ms --- skinner. "I have tried the command suggested of . Particularly on this step. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. Aug 21, 2023 · How to Use Ping We're going to use the Windows Command Prompt in our example here. This allows me to start new pings and/or restart existing pings (to reset stats) and not need to track PIDs for kill. Click on this link to learn more about Windows Ping Command. ca would set a ping interval of 5 seconds. Type man ping in the terminal to open the manual page. -w DEADLINE: Specify time limit, e. com. The continuous ping command is a variation of the regular ping command, which is used to test the connectivity between two devices on a network. Jan 16, 2020 · As mentioned earlier, in CMD, Ping replies just 4 times. This can often be a source of confusion for new users. The command line details of the 1933 Marjorie Flack version are unclear. Step 3: Stop Continuous Ping To stop the continuous ping, press Ctrl + C. So you can change that timeout to a higher value (-w on Windows or use context help of your ping command as it may be different depending on OS) and see if pings really missed or just arriving later. Explanation: The -c option specifies the count, which tells ping how many packets to send. Description. Here's the function: Jun 28, 2023 · We have many perculiarities in our network, and many users complaining about interruptions to Internet access and being unable to reach network printers, without there being any explanation. 101. Users familiar with the Windows operating system will recognize this as the “copy” command, however, on Linux, Ctrl+C has historically been used to cancel commands. 8 & The command was running continuously and even ctrl+c multiple times could'nt stop it finally had to reboot. 7 Lab – Testing Network Connectivity with Ping and Traceroute. The ping command supports more options and arguments in Linux than it supports in Windows. I think this ping feature you are looking for is available in Linux. PING is a terminal and command line utility which is used to check connectivity among source and destination. Example: # Ping a host Nov 3, 2013 · That's how the ping command works. The trick here is to do control-break and you'll see the stats thus far without interrupting your ping. Dec 16, 2018 · ping 192. Can someone please explain why this happened ? Thanks May 8, 2024 · T This page provides examples and syntax for using the UNIX ping command to troubleshoot networking issues in UNIX and Linux by sending ICMP ping-pong requests using the terminal application. Reply from 10. If you want to get know more details about the ping command in Windows, macOS, and Linux. net (192. It's one of the most useful key combinations to learn in any UNIX-like system. Oct 19, 2023 · Continuous ping in Windows 7, 8, and 10. /bin/ping 192. You can press Ctrl+C to stop the ongoing ping test. Dec 17, 2024 · This helps prevent continuous ping responses, especially useful in automated scripts to prevent unnecessary network load. Scope FortiGate. This is OK if you want to do a quick test, but, what if you want to perform a continuous ping that keeps pinging? Well, we have the -t option! ping -t <hostname or IP address> Jun 13, 2020 · Stating a Ping –Ping 10. x data bytes. Stopping a Ping in Windows – <CONTROL+ c> Start/Stopping a Ping with a specified number of packets – ping -c <value> 10. I have been running continuous pings from a laptop to a network printer, the default gateway and 8. ping -c 10 is typical of modern linux (e. ping 192. eg – ping -c 5 10. Stop the pings with Ctrl-C. Information about an ICMP Echo Reply message in response to the ICMP Echo Request message, including the following: I regularly have multiple terminals going with continuous pings going. . Normal command line is with a black colour background and white text. Step 1: Open the Windows command prompt. 81. By default, Linux sends continuous pings. Its urgent. For other commands it may not be effective. May 6, 2009 · the FortiGate ping options in IPv4 and IPv6 that can be used for various troubleshooting purposes. -n count: This option sets the number of ICMP Echo Requests to send, from 1 to 4294967295. It uses -i flag for interval from what I recall. It can be entered as either "domain. 21. Step 2: Run the ping command with the address of the target Continuous Ping Command. You’ll find the Mac terminal under “Applications” in the subfolder “Utilities”. Check host reachability and network connectivity. The foundational ping by Mike Muuss had the count as an optional third argument. To stop the continuous ping, press CTRL+C. Follow the instructions below to run ping in MacOS as a continuous test: Step 1: Open the terminal. Note – no repeat or extended keyword is required since MAC devices continuously ping by default. Mar 1, 2022 · From the MP, you can use the following command to ping a single IP address using the Management Interface IP: >ping host x. We could also stop pinging by pressing Ctrl+C. You can control it using the count switch, -c. y host x. 3) 56(84) bytes of data. Discover practical examples and tips for ensur Mar 4, 2019 · I mean that by default ping is using default Wait timeout for a ping response before declaring it as missed. Feb 17, 2020 · What is command for continuous ping? How do you stop a continuous Ping? Press Control and the “C” key at the same time to stop the ping and see the summary statistics. Stop Pinging After a Count. A basic ping command looks like ping [destination]. Two particularly useful options are repeat-count and source. txt Aug 19, 2020 · You can't stop a continuous ping without signaling the ping process to stop. Net. The -t is the continuous ping command option. To stop the ping, after seeing enough results, press Ctrl + C. You can view the statistics while the test is running by pressing Ctrl + Pause key combination. It sends ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) messages from one computer to another, recognizing with IP address. Apr 5, 2022 · A non-stop ping is run if -Continuous switch is enabled. com; However, the above command will give only 4-time pings, therefore to make it constantly we use the flag -t; Thus, the command will be ping yahoo. Continuous Ping Command. Ping -c 4 93. You could spawn multiple parallel nmap processes in the command line via: nmap [options for destination 0] > output0 & Spawn many such nmap requests for each destination while keeping a running index of the outputX files (output0, output1, etc). Apr 4, 2008 · It may depend on what command you are trying to stop. Its effect is the same as sending a SIGINT Dec 25, 2023 · Syntax of the Ping Command The basic syntax of the ping command looks like this: ping < targetname > The <targetname> parameter specifies the hostname or IP address of the destination server. But it will be better to show a red window if the Request timed out. which ping. We are using ping command to monitor the networks, Sometimes we have to monitor multiple IP address with continuous ping in different windows. 1 repeat 9999999. 174. where it comes from iputils package for redhat or debian). This makes the while loop terminate when the ping command returns an exit code of 0. From a command line in Windows try something like: ping IPADDRESS/HOSTNAME -n 6000. But how can I stop it? I thought CTRL-Shift-6 or CTRL-Shift-6 and then "x" is supposed to stop the outputs from coming, but none of these are working for me. You can however do a ping for a VERY long time by indicating a lot of pings. Can't see how to do this using the Pulseway app. 3 with a repeat a count of 500. We stopped pinging the localhost after the fifth ping in our example. Add a bit of delay to bubble up to your script and there ya have it. The ping command sends ICMP Mar 11, 2010 · Usually I would stop the ping (control-c) and you'll get your stats but you'll have to run the command again. It does not stop the command but displays statistics for the echo requests sent up to the point. Ping command using the Management interface . Open Command Prompt and type the command ‘ping’ followed by the IP Address and followed by ‘-t’ flag. Using the ping Command. com" or "8. Step 2: Run the ping command with the address of the target Jan 1, 2021 · Type ping along with the IP address or domain name which you want to ping. You can use the ping. Again, replace the IP address with one specific to your device as needed. Do this to end a continuous ping or stop a ping command before completing the specified number of packets. 10. A command prompt will be launched. y on the firewall to source the Ping command from: >ping source y. So: ping -c 10 www. 1. 1 -t Apr 22, 2024 · To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break; To stop - type Control-C. But you can do something similar with pure PowerShell and Test-NetConnection , then export the results to CSV like so: Jul 7, 2019 · Ping Command Options. com: ping google. Step 1: Open Command Prompt Press Win + R, type cmd, and press Enter to open the Command Prompt. It sends ICMP Echo Requests to the remote computer until you manually stop the command by pressing Ctrl + C. Pinging 10. 7 ping -n 10 is typical of microsoft ping. 3): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=1. Handy in Search for jobs related to Stop continuous ping command prompt or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 23m+ jobs. I find that for ping and traceroute it is pretty effective (though it may take multiple entries of the key stroke combination). google. I liked the "old" System properties better D: you can still get to it via the option on the right called `Rename this PC (advanced)`, not as fast as it used to be but still faster than going to control panel, right clicking system, and pressing open to get this old screen up. Use the -t option to ping any address until you cancel it by pressing Ctrl+C. #ping #networking #cmd #troubleshooting #networking #windows10 #windows11#ipaddress #ccna I made this pretty quickly, but it seems to meet your specs. You'll see a Jul 12, 2024 · Basic Syntax of the Ping Command: The basic syntax of the ping command is as follows: ping [options] host_or_IP_address. When that does not work, open a new Terminal window and enter the following: pkill -9 -ix ping This will kill ping without question. By default, ping will execute indefinitely until you interrupt it. Ping reports back the distance between your computer and a destination host in millisecond response times. Continuous ping can be realized in the following ways. e. This will terminate the command and stop the ping process. below ping will stop after 100 pings. 1 & How to Stop Ping in Linux. Additionally, we use the -c1 option to send only a single ICMP packet. Per the help file:-t Ping the specified host until stopped. Then you could simply do it like this: @ECHO OFF set IPADDRESS=x. Continuous ping is a useful tool for testing the network connection betwe 2 days ago · ping google. May 29, 2024 · If we talk about Linux when we run the ping command, it does not stop until we force it with CTRL + C, but when you need this to happen in Windows for continuous scanning, the solution is to use the command as below with the -t attribute: ping -t google. Ctrl+c ctrl+shift+c ctrl+shift+f5 ctrl+shift+f6 Jul 22, 2022 · Continuous ping. I hope you find this post helpful. com and displays the response times. 1 –t This continuous ping command is used in Windows (CMD Prompt), and it works in Windows 7, 8, 98, 95, XP and the Server Open a command window. 81: bytes=32 time=3738ms TTL=238 Reply from 10. Reply from x. Jan 18, 2025 · ping google. How do I stop a ping? To stop the ping in the middle, press the Jan 25, 2023 · After sending five packets, the command will stop automatically. – Aug 26, 2020 · The command is working but not as you wanted since -t flag is for continuous ping unless stopped. 0. Jul 30, 2007 · I know this doesn't help once you have made the mistake, but it is worth noting that you can limit the number (& rate) of pings when you issue the ping command. Here, -c 5 indicates it will send five ICMP echo requests. y. Are you asking if it is necessary to use Ctrl+C to stop a continuous ping? If so the answer is yes, that is by design. -i INTERVAL: Pause between pings. 3 repeat 500 Apr 26, 2021 · You can also use the ping 0 command to ping the localhost: # ping 0 Less well-known options. The /usr/sbin/ping command sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ECHO_REQUEST to obtain an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. Next call the ping program from the path and it should be continuous. 58. You would need to use ping /n COUNT for a number of pings. Checking Internet Connection in Linux. The Windows Ping command is useful to troubleshoot network issues or test the status of remote websites or servers. To continuously ping, as an example, the IP address of 192. Start the ping command to 192. EXAMPLE New-PsPing -ComputerName FileServer This command runs a normal ping to remote FileServer with 4 packets similar to regular "ping" command. Want specifics? Use options!-c COUNT: Set the number of packets, like ping -c 4 example. Type "ping" and press the space and ip address. Ping class and wrap it in a PowerShell function. To check your internet connection using the ping command, open the terminal and type the following command: Jan 13, 2018 · Hi All, Thanks in advance. x ping %IPADDRESS% -t >> filename. Interrupting Ping: While ‘ping’ is running, you can stop it by pressing ‘Ctrl + C’. By default, Windows systems wait 4,000 milliseconds before the ping request times out. Length of a sent ICMP Echo Request message. Solution: Find where the ping command is using the command below. 81: bytes=32 time=3379ms TTL=238 Aug 8, 2013 · Follow this easy step by step tutorial to learn how to stop ping command in the command prompt terminal. Regards, Mark Syntax and Options of the Ping Command. 11. Here are some of the ways of creating a continuous ping. The -n denotes how many echos will be sent. One way of doing this is by entering the key combination Windows + R and enter the command CMD. 3. The following will ping for a count of 3 then stop. In Windows, the ping test command works as follows: Go to the taskbar→Search option; Open the Command Prompt by typing "cmd". This is done using the -w option. By analyzing these results, you can pinpoint potential bottlenecks and troubleshoot connectivity issues effectively. To stop a ping, you can use the -s option followed by the name of the host or device you want to ping. 145. The ping -t command is the Continuous Ping CMD, something I use pretty often. Oct 22, 2019 · The dilemma is that ping provides the -t parameter, but Test-Connection only provides the Count parameter and this parameter requires a value and there is no endless parameter. In the above command, -w 10 tells the system Sep 7, 2021 · If you open a command prompt in Windows, and do a ping test, you’ll notice that it will only perform four pings and then stop. However, to cancel the ping command, press Ctrl and C keys simultaneously on Search for jobs related to Stop continuous ping command prompt or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 23m+ jobs. The ping command sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ECHO_REQUEST messages to elicit ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE messages from the specified host. The ping command is a built-in command in Linux that can be used to test the reachability of a host or a network device. One thing missing from Ping is the ability to timestamp the result so you can see exactly when the ping was received. Example $ ping -c 2 skinner PING skinner. Stopping Ping in Linux. Ping is a basic network program which is used to dete in windows powershell you can use Test-Connection cmdlet. example. You can stop the ping command by pressing Ctrl + C. This interrupts the Dec 20, 2007 · It really depends how long you want it to go for…on a switch I believe you typically can keep the ping active until you stop it. press CTRL_C to break. Back to Top Jul 9, 2024 · To ping a website like google. -a: This ping command option will resolve, if possible, the hostname of an IP address target. It returns results like packet transmission and round-trip time in milliseconds, offering a quick snapshot of connection status. To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break; To stop - type Control-C. And the default success pings with a green background. Or if the repeat command is unavailable use the extended ping by simply issuing the ping command by itself and follow Feb 17, 2021 · In MacOS, the ping command line program is also run as a continuous ping in the default setting. When you use the Mac or Linux Terminal to ping a host computer, it will repeat the ping process for a long time. bubba. Let’s say you want to restart your Nov 26, 2016 · Was hopeful this would be an answer for me, I need to send a proper "quit" signal to a ping command that was started with exec(). 85 -c 1000. ping -c 100 192. Testing, measuring, and managing networks. You can easily stop any currently running command in Linux using the command Ctrl+C. . This is a fun fact but not a fun feature. Apr 10, 2021 · Is there a way to get the script to stop when the PING returns a non Connection instead of the external Ping command for a continuous ping, you want to Jul 24, 2013 · Solved: i am trying traceroute of not pinging ip. The ping command will send 4 by In this Knowledge base article, we will provide step-by-step instructions and images for performing a continuous ping on Windows, Linux, and MacOS. Mac users can easily run a ping test using the built-in Terminal application. x. ping 10. You can also specify an website URL to continuously ping as well. I kept it very easy, you can tinker with it to get the output you want. Ping’s syntax is here to make our lives simpler. Jun 28, 2023 · Ping Command Options; Item: Explanation-t: Using this option will ping the target until you force it to stop by using Ctrl+C. Nov 18, 2024 · The continuous pinging feature, stopped by pressing CTRL+C, provides a real-time view of your connection stability, offering a quick way to check network connection, as detailed in this ping command tutorial. If you want to ping Google continuously, add the -t switch to the ping command. Linux. 101 -t" to initiate a continuous ping. This video shows you how to send continuous ping in Windows using the ping command. Jun 20, 2023 · You may also use the ping 0 command to ping localhost: # ping 0. Jan 19, 2025 · 1. However, instead of sending a limited number of packets, the continuous ping command keeps sending packets indefinitely until you manually stop it. 1 -c 333. The basic ping command will do fine for small and simple tests, but with some options, you can make the ping cmd more useful for troubleshooting potential network problems. If this continuous ping does not work by default, there is probably an alias for the ping command which is changing the way you invoke the ping utility. It is a good idea to start ping with a safety net. although it does not have any -t option but it have -count option that u can indicate number of ICMP pocket to send Mar 4, 2023 · How to run a continuous network ping command on a windows 10 machine using the command prompt window. Example Output: Oct 13, 2016 · Using the ping command as a continuous ping tool: Below are the methods you can use to create a continuous ping test depending on the environment. Follow these steps: Step 1: Open Terminal. This sends an interrupt signal to stop the ping command and displays a summary of Mar 18, 2024 · As the output of the ping localhost command shows, we were able to get the ping statistics on the last two lines. Here, “host_or_IP_address” represents the destination you want to ping. 8 The first time I ran this was using a PowerShell script which pinged every 5 seconds. , ping -w 5 example. The second Learn how to use the continuous ping command to monitor network connectivity and diagnose issues in real-time. 101 with 32 bytes of data: Apr 14, 2021 · You're seeing the default packet request timeout. From Windows cmd I believe 3 echos are sent by default. Check out your operating system’s manual. Interrupt the pings with Ctrl-Break to see statistics on the captures. Type: ping -c Ping is a Terminal command that tests your connection to a host machine. Press Ctrl+c to interrupt a ping command. One of my favorite uses of ping is to inform me when a remote server or network device has restarted. How to Run a Ping Test on Mac. Tracking and isolating hardware and software problems. In this way the requests will not stop, a continuous ping will be achieved until we May 22, 2018 · Hi Just running a ping -t command via terminal on a remote device using Pulseway. com -t. You can set the IP you want to ping in the google IP, I just did 8. ping -c 3 google. The ping command on Linux sends Mar 23, 2024 · Understanding the Continuous Ping Command. Press Ctrl + C to prevent/end the continuous Mar 27, 2012 · rameuniver wrote: We can give as following. 1 Apr 11, 2021 · Even then, control-C may not interrupt the ping process, and then you may need to enter control+\ several times. Also, next time, maybe do this instead: ping -c <number> <ip-address> That way, it stops after it did <number> pings, as opposed to going on indefinitely. You can specify the total number of seconds that the ping command should run. Dec 16, 2018 · Perform Continuous ping on Windows. Running the Ping command with this syntax only pings the specified server four times. This cmdlet sends ICMP echo request packets ("pings") to one or more computers using WMI. com; This command sends ICMP echo request packets to google. Another option to stop a ping command is by setting a deadline. 1, type the following in the command window then press Enter: ping -t 192. ping -w 10 www. Once you get to using the actual command, it works the same everywhere. This includes ASA and IOS operating systems. Unfortunately SIGNAL_QUIT does not stop the ping, SIGNAL_KILL does, however it is a hard kill, and results without the ping statistics being returned – Oct 21, 2011 · On the Windows command prompt cmd, I use ping -t to 10. Jun 26, 2019 · In MacOS, the ping command line program is also run as a continuous ping in the default setting. To stop pinging after a certain number of times, you can use the -c flag. g. com -t; Other PIng options to be used on Windows Nov 12, 2023 · Is there a continuous ping option? ping <address> -t. The following image shows the output of the above command. I usually start while true; do ps -o "pid" -C "ping" h | xargs kill -SIGQUIT; sleep 20; done & in the first terminal before starting the ping. 67 Conclusion. I am seeing the debugging log spit out a new line every second now, as expected. But you can also use the ping command in Windows PowerShell, or in the Terminal app on macOS or any Linux distro. In Windows, hit Windows+R. To stop the ping command from sending more messages, press the ctrl+c keys. 3): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=1. Windows, by default, only sends four. How to Perform a Network Ping Test in Windows. 567. And: ping -i 5 www. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. 64 bytes from skinner. Oct 11, 2011 · Looks fine to me, but there's no need to loop it if you want to continuously ping the IP. Nov 12, 2023 · When a response packet is received, the "ping" command displays relevant information on the screen such as the IP address of the computer being pinged, the size of the response packet (in bytes), the response time in milliseconds, and the Time to Live (TTL). It’s cumbersome to enter a high value every time the command is executed. 1 or ping 192. Sorry - have just found the close session command which terminates the Terminal session. Step 2: Initiate Continuous Ping. Press Command + Space, type Terminal, and press Enter to open the Terminal window. Solution From the CLI, type the following command to see all IPv4 ping options: execute ping-options ? execute ping-o Oct 16, 2021 · To end the ping from the endless loop in Linux, you can use the –c option. sxy ofa noqa naizrwo ulgg mzze vqto rstoi dyhd jtqhpu idsya qpycusx wyuwgixn uutlx zlqvxwskx